OBSERVATION: THEORY-LADEN, THEORY-NEUTRAL OR THEORY-FREE?

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The theory of observation Logico-historical philosophy of as a transformative theory of sciences

  Innovation and evolution in sciences needs to its own logical methodology. This paper, considering the necessity of evolution in sciences, has intended to establish a theory called the theory of observation. It would be counted as a model for the philosophies of with a logico-historical approach. Following the purpose, the author has explained technical terms such as research method, theory,...

Neutral theory and scale-free neural dynamics

Avalanches of electrochemical activity in brain networks have been empirically reported to obey scale-invariant behavior –characterized by power-law distributions up to some upper cut-off– both in vitro and in vivo. Elucidating whether such scaling laws stem from the underlying neural dynamics operating at the edge of a phase transition is a fascinating possibility, as systems poised at critica...

forcing theory on data or emerging theory from data theory building in humanities using grounded theory methodology

the main purpose of this research is to describe emergent approach of grounded theory methodology and then compare it with systematic approach. to do so, after describing emergent approach, it compare it with systematic one surrounding 5 axis: coding processes; sampling processes; paradigms; literature review and rigor considerations. the findings show that emergent approach in comparison with ...

Inductive inference from theory laden data